Critical Analysis of an Incident Essay -- Nursing Reflective Practice

Introduction The intention of this written essay is to demonstrate an appreciation of my views on the art and science of saying and the issues surrounding reflective bore. It is based on a significant incident from my own orbit of clinical practice as a state registered paramedic within the U.K. There is a discussion appraising the concept of reflection both generally, and in my particular area of practice. This is followed by an analysis of the incident using The What ? Model of Structured reflection suggested by Driscoll (2000). A rationale is given for the selection of this particular incident and withal for the selection of the chosen model as a framework. It will show how the model has been used to reflect on the incident, what has been learnt, and the outcome on both up-to-date and future practice. Reflection is an active process of witnessing ones own experience so that we can take a closer look at it. It has its foundations in the discipline of experiential learning. De wey (1939 cited in Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper 2001) claimed that we learn by doing, and realising what came of what we did. Reflective practice is something more than thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice which seeks to problematise many situations of professional process so that they can become potential learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through their practice Jarvis P. (1992) pp174 -181. Johns, C (2000a) pg 34, describes reflection as a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of his own lived experience in ways that enable him to confront, understand and work towards resol... ...pman, C.M. (1988) Professional and Ethical Issues in Nursing The Code of Professional Conduct Chichester J. Willey & Sons Ltd. Jarvis, P. (1992) Reflective practice and nursing, in Nurse knowledge Today, Vol 12, No.3 pp 174 - 181 Johns, C (2000a) Becoming a Reflective Practitioner Oxford Black well Science Ltd. Chapter 3 pg 34 Johns, C. (2000b) Becoming a Reflective Practitioner Oxford Blackwell Science Ltd. Chapter 3 pg 36 Procter, B. (1986) Supervision a co-operative exercise in accountability Routledge U.K. pg 23 Rolf, G., Freshwater, D. and Jasper M. (2001) Critical reflection for nursing and the helping professions a users guide. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan Roth, P.A. (1989) What is reflective practice? (Internet) Available from http//network/lovehealth.org/tools/reflection2.htm (accessed on 21 December 2006)

Men and Women in Non-Traditional Sports Essay examples -- Sports Femal

Men and Women in Non-Traditional SportsThe benefits of an individual entering a non-traditional sport for his or her finish up kitty be large further they are usually greater for society in general than for the athlete him/herself. Being the first person to yield into a non-traditional sport would plainly be trying on the athlete, who would have to face the questioning and criticisms of media, fans, and even their fellow athletes. But one athletes determination and persistence can open up a whole new world to both athletes and spectators.In the early 1900s, women did not participate more than in figure skate competitions, partly because of the fact that they had to wear long, movement-hindering skirts. But about women did fight to participate. Eventually, when they were allowed to change certain rules ( such as the one about draining long skirts), women proved that they could contend with men. They were permitted to participate in competitions bid the National Championshi ps and the Olympics, and soon after that, womens figure skating became an immensely popular sport. Today, it is traditionally one of the most-watched events of the Olympic games. Similarly, the NHLs Tampa Bay Lightning invited female hockey goaltender Manon Rheaume to training camp in 1992. She played one exhibition game against St. Louis ahead being sent to the minors, but the publicity surrounding her stint with the National Hockey League did wonders for women in hockey. In the 1998 Olympics, womens ice hockey was introduced as a new sport. The success of the US Olympic team made the sport even more popular in the United States, and it is not red carpet(prenominal) today to see girls aboard the boys at youth hockey practices.Desegregating a sport can also add a ne... ...orts has been great in juvenile years. Women of the past broke barriers in sports such as track/field and figure skating, and women of recent times have broken the gender barriers in sports like hoops and hoc key. Now, having women participate in sports like figure skating is not only totally natural, but a crucial part of major competitions such as the Olympics. Similarly, the sports like basketball and hockey will soon become integrated and will gain popularity among female athletes to the same degree. On the other hand, some male athletes are combat for equality in typically female sports. As these pioneers break down gender barriers, they make way for the athletes of the future. While in that location are many issues that look at to be resolved when barriers are broken, hopefully soon in the future all athletes will be looked at for their power rather than their gender. Men and Women in Non-Traditional Sports Essay examples -- Sports FemalMen and Women in Non-Traditional SportsThe benefits of an individual entering a non-traditional sport for his or her sex can be huge but they are usually greater for society in general than for the athlete him/herself. Being the first person to break into a non-traditional sport would obviously be trying on the athlete, who would have to face the questioning and criticisms of media, fans, and even their fellow athletes. But one athletes determination and persistence can open up a whole new world to both athletes and spectators.In the early 1900s, women did not participate much in figure skating competitions, partly because of the fact that they had to wear long, movement-hindering skirts. But some women did fight to participate. Eventually, when they were allowed to change certain rules (such as the one about wearing long skirts), women proved that they could compete with men. They were permitted to participate in competitions like the National Championships and the Olympics, and soon after that, womens figure skating became an immensely popular sport. Today, it is traditionally one of the most-watched events of the Olympic games. Similarly, the NHLs Tampa Bay Lightning invited female hockey goaltender Mano n Rheaume to training camp in 1992. She played one exhibition game against St. Louis before being sent to the minors, but the publicity surrounding her stint with the National Hockey League did wonders for women in hockey. In the 1998 Olympics, womens ice hockey was introduced as a new sport. The victory of the US Olympic team made the sport even more popular in the United States, and it is not uncommon today to see girls alongside the boys at youth hockey practices.Desegregating a sport can also add a ne... ...orts has been great in recent years. Women of the past broke barriers in sports such as track/field and figure skating, and women of recent times have broken the gender barriers in sports like basketball and hockey. Now, having women participate in sports like figure skating is not only totally natural, but a crucial part of major competitions such as the Olympics. Similarly, the sports like basketball and hockey will soon become integrated and will gain popularity among fem ale athletes to the same degree. On the other hand, some male athletes are fighting for equality in typically female sports. As these pioneers break down gender barriers, they make way for the athletes of the future. While there are many issues that need to be resolved when barriers are broken, hopefully soon in the future all athletes will be looked at for their ability rather than their gender.

Essay --

According to the Reuters one method that was created by the disposal to counter smartphone addiction is called A horse travel therapy plan.This programme is getting its results.One person whose surname is Kim has addicted to smart phone.She gave an interview to the television programme.She said(14 years old girl) that she had used to sit and chut with her smartphone for seven hours a day,even all-night if hermother had gone on a trip.Her(Kims)mother attempted a different kind of therapy like music, art to daughters smartphone addiction.When all of these therapy was not worked,the government suggested to create a new kind of therapy, which is called theRiding Healing Center,a therapy organisation that uses horse- riding to treat behavioral and stimulated disorders. Kim told that she had cared about horses and thought about how she could take to task them better, which helped to her to lose interset in smartphones and the internet.She has had a different kind of professional coun seling at the centre like art, music but Kim(14 years old girl) believes riding horses help most.Yoosook Joung(Doctor of child psychiatry at Samsung Medical Centre) told that horse-riding was a very fun action at law, but it was not just a simple physical activity but involved a living thing, the horse-riding was a new experience, which had combined physical activity with an emotional connection with a horse, so the horse riding had helped to prevent or overcome smart phone and internet addiction.Yoon Ga-eun(A riding instructor at the center) told that a horse was an animal that anyone could easily make emotional connection to. The Korean Riding Association has two therapy centres and about 50 people a day go through its programmes to treat a surf o... ...latonin, our natural sleep chemical, so our bodies do not register that we are tired. If you sleep with your phone right next to your bed, any late-night texts or alerts will adjourn your sleep patterns, even if you do not f ully wake up to respond.Finally, tell your relatives and friends that if it is an emergency or if they really want to finish off you, they should make an material phone call instead of a text.And try to keep your phone hidden during social activities. Focus on the conversation. Take a mental celluloid instead of an Instagram shot, or write down a tweet idea on a piece of paper and save it for later. Initiate eye contact instead of screen contact. Whether we realize it or not, we are not as great at multitasking as we think we are. So if you are going to pass by time with friends, spend time with them, not waste so much time to chat with your smart phone.

Dangers of Suicide Websites Essay -- essays research papers

Suicide Made EasyThe thought of suicide can enter the mind of any(prenominal)one in any age group. For those who come across a suicide website, the information given can make suicide turn from a fleeting thought to an action.On Thursday, October 10, 2007 Kazunari Saito, a 33-year-old electrician, was arrested for the murder of Sayaka Nishizawa, a 21-year-old woman. Saito was the host of a suicide web site where he provided his viewers with ways to commit suicide, this is where he and Nishizawa first came in contact. Nishizawa reportedly paid Saito $1,700 to help her to kill herself. On the night of April 12, 2007 Saito gave Nishizawa 20 to 30 sleeping pills and then suffocated her to ?finish the job?. (Austin Modine, 2007) Above are the statistics taken from 2004 showing the differences in age, race, and sex. The rate, number that year, and average suicide per day are represented here. (American Association of Suicidology, 2004)A rarely known or acknowledged point is that not only children and teenagers are suicidal. The major difference between suicide attempts among elders and youth is that elder suicide attempts are more commonly successful (Reference function Review, 2003, Vol. 31 anaesthetise 2, p175-184, 10p). The American Association of Suicidology states that in 2004, 32,439 people died from suicide attempts. This means that someone commits suicide every 16.2 minutes. Of this total, every 1 hour and 41.4 minutes an elderly person commits suicide, compared to every 2 hours and 2.1 minutes that a young person commits suicide. These are not the only two categories in which suicide falls, of the 32, 439 suicides in 2004, 22, 925 were committed by adults between the ages of 25 and 64 (Section 1,2, and 3, 2005) For many, a sui... ...nce Source Review Volume 31 Issue 2 Page 175 ? 184. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from University of genus Phoenix LibraryLewis, Penny (2001) Rights Discourse and Assisted Suicide. American Journal of Law and Medicine. Vol. 2 7 Issue 1. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from University of Phoenix Library.Megan Meier Suicide (2006) Retrieved March 8, 2008 from hitsusa.com/blog/317/megan-meier- suicide/Sinderbrand, Rebecca (June 20, 2003) Point, Click, Die. Newsweek Vol. 141 Issue 28. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from University of Phoenix LibraryStone, Geo (2007) Suicide and Attempted Suicide Methods and Consequences. Retrieved March 19, 2008 from http//www.suicidemethods.net/TOKUSs Handy Four-Pillar Practice Archive (2004). A Practical Guide to Suicide. Retrieved February 15, 2008, from http//www.satanservice.org/tokus/suicide/ guide/I.D

James Joyce :: essays research papers fc

JAMES JOYCEJames Joyce&8217s &8220Clay and &8220Eveline were two stories impacted by the break with his family, church, and his country. In this paper I go away give examples to show that my thesis is correct. I may also enlighten you by telling you the story of an excellent Irish writer.James Augustine Joyce lived from 1882 to 1941. He was an Irish novelist and poet, &8220whose psychological perceptions and innovative literary techniques make him one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century (Encarta, 1). &8220His first book, Chamber Music, consists of thirty-six highly finished love poems. In his second work, Dubliners, a collection of fifteen short stories, Joyce dealt with episodes of his childhood and adolescence and with family and public life in Dublin, Ireland (Encarta, 1). &8220Joyce employed symbols to create what he called an &8220epiphany, the revelation of an emotional or personal truth (Encarta, 1). &8220Using experimental techniques to convey the essen tial nature of realistic Daniels 2situations, Joyce merged in his greatest working the literary traditions of realism, naturalism, and symbolism (Encarta, 1). &8220In 1941, ache from a perforated ulcer, Joyce dies in Zurich on January thirteenth (Encarta, 1). &8220Joyce&8217s story, &8220Clay, starts off on Halloween, which is the Celtic New Year&8217s Eve and Feast of the Dead. In Irish customs, it is a night of remembrance of the dead ancestors and anticipation of the various fortune telling games (Masterplots, 1). The story is about Maria, a middle age spinster who works in the kitchen of a laundry established for the reform of prostitutes. She makes her way across the city of Dublin to the seasonal festivities at the home of her former father figure, Joe Donnelly. Joyce draws a character portrait, which conveys much of Maria&8217s past, present, and future. The story develops at three scenes at the laundry, on the journey across the city, and at the Halloween party. At the lau ndry, Maria&8217s fussy personality is shown as she prepares tea and anticipates her reunion with Joe and Mrs. Donnelly. When she travels northward stopping at the city, she is reminded of her isolation, first by the irritation of the girl in the cake lead astray and again by the polite attentions of the gentleman in the train. When she reaches the Donnelly&8217s she is greeted with mixed emotions since she interrupts the children&8217s party and disrupts the festive atmosphere. The festive fun is restored all the same by fortune telling games.

James Joyce :: essays research papers fc

JAMES JOYCEJames Joyce&8217s &8220Clay and &8220Eveline were two stories impacted by the break with his family, church, and his country. In this paper I will give examples to study that my thesis is correct. I may also enlighten you by congress you the story of an excellent Irish writer.James Augustine Joyce lived from 1882 to 1941. He was an Irish novelist and poet, &8220whose psychological perceptions and advanced(a) literary techniques make him one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century (Encarta, 1). &8220His first book, Chamber Music, consists of thirty-six highly finished love poems. In his second work, Dubliners, a collection of fifteen short stories, Joyce dealt with episodes of his childhood and adolescence and with family and public life in Dublin, Ireland (Encarta, 1). &8220Joyce employed symbols to create what he called an &8220epiphany, the revelation of an emotional or personal truth (Encarta, 1). &8220 utilize experimental techniques to convey the essential nature of realistic Daniels 2situations, Joyce merged in his greatest works the literary traditions of realism, naturalism, and symbolism (Encarta, 1). &8220In 1941, suffering from a punch ulcer, Joyce dies in Zurich on January thirteenth (Encarta, 1). &8220Joyce&8217s story, &8220Clay, starts off on Halloween, which is the Celtic New Year&8217s Eve and Feast of the Dead. In Irish customs, it is a darkness of remembrance of the dead ancestors and anticipation of the various fortune telling games (Masterplots, 1). The story is about Maria, a middle age spinster who works in the kitchen of a laundry established for the reform of prostitutes. She makes her way across the city of Dublin to the seasonal festivities at the home of her former father figure, Joe Donnelly. Joyce draws a character portrait, which conveys much(prenominal) of Maria&8217s past, present, and future. The story develops at three scenes at the laundry, on the journey across the city, and at the Hallowee n party. At the laundry, Maria&8217s fussy temperament is shown as she prepares tea and anticipates her reunion with Joe and Mrs. Donnelly. When she travels northward stopping at the city, she is reminded of her isolation, first by the irritation of the girl in the cake shop and again by the polite attentions of the gentleman in the train. When she reaches the Donnelly&8217s she is greeted with mixed emotions since she interrupts the children&8217s party and disrupts the festive atmosphere. The festive fun is restored all the same by fortune telling games.

Catholic and Jewish Rituals Stemming from Sacred Texts

In the last few thousand years, various religions have made the choice to record their various stories and teachings, to eliminate the Chinese Whispers effect that alters the exposit of these important themes. These writings are often utilised by those who follow the religion as a reference point to base their rituals on. The monotheistic religions of Christianity, more specifically Catholicism, and Judaism are both largely founded in their respective sacred texts and rely on these as a story to live by that guides and directs them finished their ritualistic lives.Some rituals comprised from elements in religious texts are the participation worship, a day of rest and the expend of b take in as a spiritual symbol. The form of community worship utilize by Catholics is the mass. Traditionally, it occurs on Sunday morning, and it attended by the Catholics of the community (The Catholic Archdiocese of Perth, 2008). However, in more modern times, it is only the more employ worshipp ers that regularly attend mass at a cathedral/church/chapel. Within the mass are many rituals comprised from bible stories, such as the reciting of the Our Father.It is in the bible when Jesus is asked how to pray by his disciples, Luke 11 1-13 (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004). It was here that the Messiah first prayed the close to well known Catholic prayer, which is used routinely by not only Catholics, but all of Christianity. The recording of this incidence in the scared text provides a reference point for the ritual of prayer in Catholicism. Judaic peoples attend the Synogogue, where they also pray as a community. This community is split, men and women must worship separately, as combining the 2 genders will cause a distraction and reduce the focus the individuals may place on their prayer (Chabad. rg, 2012. During the time that is spent in the Synagogue, ritual dictates that the Torah is read at various points throughout. The Torah is made up of the five books of Moses, as it is said that on Mount Sinai, God tells him what to record. Among these books, are the 613 commandments. The most famous of these are referred to by the Jewish people as the 10 Statements (BBC, 2009), while Catholics name them as the 10 Commandments, as they place less importance on the other 603 than the Jewish people do.The day of rest used by Catholics originated in the book of Genesis, where it is stated that God rested on the s stillth day and sanctified it (Genesis 22) (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004). In present times this has been adapted to the expression, Even God rested on the seventh day, reinforcing the theory that this ritual of rest is calm down observed in modern times even by those who do not follow the religion. This day of rest is called the Sabbath and happens every Sunday. Catholics take this to mean that if even God had to rest on the seventh day, so should they.Those in Judaism also have the day of rest for the same reason, thought the scripture reference d iffers though they call it the Shabbat and it happens from Friday at sundown to Saturday at sundown. During this time, they must fast and everyday chores and work are not executed (Judaism 101, 2011). Despite both rituals both beingness derived from the same text, they have branched throughout time to form the state they are both currently in, thanks to the numerous influences that have been placed on each. While, in one sense it could be said these originated from the same book, this is incorrect.Both of this sacred days began due to the direction God gave in the creation story, however, the ii religions have significant difference in their sacred texts. From a Catholic perspective the story begins in Genesis 2 1-3 (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004), though a Jewish person would it is in Bereshit 2 1-3. These are the same stories, being told under different names Bereshit being one of five books of the Jewish Torah (Volker Doorman, 2008) and Genesis being one of sixty-six books in the Catholic Bible.In Catholicism, bread is used in the Eucharist in memory of the Last Supper (Luke 22 1-23) (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004), when Jesus gave the bread of his body and wine of his blood to his apostles to symbolise giving himself to them, as he would be the next day when he was crucified. This repast was made immortal in the painting by Leonardo Da Vinci, which is known to most of the Western World. The current significance of this painting commemorates the importance of that iniquity to Catholic peoples.However, the bread is used on Judaism for an entirely different reason, during the Passover/Pesach (Exodus 12/ Shmot 12). During this time, they may not eat anything leavened, as is set out in Leviticus 235 (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004). The unleavened bread, which is usually braided to form a pattern in the bread, is the only bread that they are allowed to consumed in this time. The Passover meal has enormous significance to the Jewish and Christian peoples, it marks the time that the ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt by the 10 plagues sent by God.The most well known of these plagues was one that killed the first-born of the Egyptian families. The name comes from the presence of the lambs blood on the door, which alerted the spirit that it was not an Egyptian inside, but an Israelite therefore it must pass over that dwelling (Historic Jesus). The various aforementioned rituals, comprised from elements in religious texts are community worship, a day or rest and the use of bread as a spiritual symbol.They are all used by the monotheistic religions of Christianity, more specifically Catholicism, and Judaism founded in their respective sacred texts and partly reliant on these stories as a guide and to provide direction to them through their ritualistic lives. Without the sacred texts, these religions would lack the structured way that they now occupy and the true meaning of the stories would be lost among the many dif ferent tales.

Impact of Public Debt on the Economic Growth Essay

Government debt is also known as public debt. It is the debt owed by a federal administration to the internal or remote sources. It is requisite when the stocks of government securities are insufficient to cover previous cipher deficits. Budget deficits occur when the level of government expenditures exceeds its revenues. Based on macroeconomic theory, the level of government expenditure must be positive with the economic growth. The higher the expenditure, the higher ordain be the economic growth.Government expenditure rump be split into productive and unproductive expenditure. Productive expenditure allow for be contributed to the economic growth in a few years time. Meanwhile, the unproductive expenditure will lead to the decline in the economic growth. Productive expenditure comprise of education and health. Besides, the unproductive expenditure consists of expenditure like pension and subsidies. Meanwhile, high budget deficit will reduce the level of economic growth.In o rder to finance additional expenditures, the government will borrow money from internal sources. Since the command of the loanable funds is also derived from the private sector, additional demand from the government will boost the interest rate. Consequently, high interest rate will distort the level of investment. Finally, the lower level of investment will lead to lower economic growth for the country. In addition, high public debt will also result to a financial crisis.If a country is experiencing a trend of an increasing public debt, the investors may be worried about the capabilities of that country to pay its debt. Apart from that, they will ask for higher interest rate as a safety and profitable measures for them to keep financing the deficits. An increase in interest rate can distort the level of economic growth and would create financial crisis. Besides, it is also acts as an obstacle to the development because it will weakens the governments ability to obtain macroeconom ic stability.It comprises the stability of inflation, interest rate and exchange rate target. It will also create adverse incentives associated with future taxes. High debt also will weaken the social and developmental progress. Malaysian economy may not be able to achieve high and sustainable economic growth in the long run if the federal government keeps borrowing money from the domestic sources in order to finance the budget deficit. However, there is no such evidence to conclude that the external debt can distort the economic growth in the long-run.

The Western Europe countries

Question 1 It has long been generally assumed that the West (in this case referring to the nation-states of westbound europium, such as Spain, England, France, Portugal, and even the Netherlands, that rose to prominence between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries) burst upon the global scene at the turn of the sixteenth speed of light to begin a long-term domination of the rest of the world for at least the next three hundred years. Based on your reading of McNeill, Curtin, Stearns, and relevant primary sources from MyHistoryLab or the Internet History Sourcebook, does this assumption still hold water?Why or why not? The Western Europe countries like, France, Spain, Europe and neighboring countries that rose to power amid 16th and 17th century and burst to commence a long term domination of the rest of the world allow continue colonizing those countries for a little while. The assumption made about their rule still holds water. The proposed three hundred years might not be a pplicatory but it can be a good estimation for the coming duration. Colonization did not terminate at the point where the countries obtained independence.These colonizing countries (West) had populated the countries they colonise and their influences are still evident and acute. The term colonization is broad and means to rule, cultivate, inhabit, practice or even lean against. This is still happening in the countries that they had colonized. though their direct influence might not be physically visible but their weight can be felt. They constantly deprive these countries their raw materials in name of processing and offering assistance. The flower can appear beautiful but the serpent under it At times their assistance is not vivid and they do so to gain rather than to aid.They can be considered as cultivating the countries lands (resources). They guard and rule them up to date and it can be true to prescribe that this will continue till all the colonized countries become in ful l independent. Real independence has not arrived and will only come when the countries become fully dependent. They do demand at least a say in any organization formed, mineral invented and mostly their claims benefit themselves but not the founders. They have over the centuries dominated the countries or found ways to do so in countries where they were chased from example Somalia (Africa).

Olive Garden Service Blueprint Essay

We chose olive Garden restaurant to do our service blueprint on. There were various doers that helped us make our decision. The first factor was that it was a restaurant and we believe that restaurants have more key wow points than hotels. Also, the mood and emotions of the guest lavatory be more easily influenced at restaurants. By constructing a service blueprint, we are fit to understand exactly what the customer indigences and how e truly point in their visit can be influenced by the staff, management, and restaurant operation. A nonher big factor in making our decision about choosing Olive Garden was the amount of evidence and information available to us regarding the restaurant.A larger operation, such as McDonalds or Dennys would have an enormous amount of information available. But, by choosing a restaurant with larger amounts of information, the information would capture lost in translation. There would so much information available, which would most likely not be cons istent with what we wanted. There is an Olive Garden cockeyed to all of our houses, so we found it beneficial to pay a visit to the establishment to draw up other information. A third factor for choosing Olive Garden was its reputation. It is distinguishn for its food and its service, and we thought that we could conclude evidence that would show us why this restaurant is so popular. Everybody knows Olive Garden and the majority of people, who know it, love it.The trinity key factors about the Physical Evidence are Host/Hostess stand, menu, and food/food appearance. The host stand is the first issue that the guest sees when coming to the restaurant. You moldiness make sure enough that the host stand is properly organized and ready to take reservations and names. The guest wants to be sat in a timely manner and if they are quoted a 20-minute stop-time, they dont want to have to wait thirty minutes. You must in like manner hire very friendly people for the host stand. They are the biggest impact on starting the guest experience. If you have a very negative host, it could lead to the customer having a negative experience. The host has the ability to sway the emotions of the guest. The menu is the second biggest key to physical evidence. Customers who dine at Olive Garden want variety. The customers also want consistency. Some of your guest always wants to try mostthing sunrise(prenominal) and the others get the same thing every time they dine at the restaurant. The menu must be consistent with all Olive Gardens and it also must have an evolving factor about it.The third factor is the food and the food appearance. The food appearance must be good enough to the corporate standards of the company. Most of their guests have been to a different Olive Garden before. If they are the guests that always gets the same menu tip every time, they want to make sure that the food tastes and looks the same as before. The food must also be quality food. This means that the food must be able to please all members at the table. Since it is a chain, every lost guest is worth more than as if it was a single rest establishment. The food coming out cold could be a huge factor relating to a negative experience. There can be potential business areas that must be identified in a service blueprint. One of the first slow points that may occur would be when the customer is greeted and put on a wait list. If a customer is not make itn a correct wait list time, this could result in slow delivery and a potentially upset customer.One of the most obvious potential problem areas of Olive Gardens service blueprint is taking the food invest. It is outstanding that the correct food order is received, that the food is cooked as ordered, and is delivered to the customer in a reasonable amount of time. Since this area goes by means of at least three different channels, it is a key point where slow delivery can occur or the possibility that an incorrect order could get put through to the kitchen. One of the exsert fail points could be processing the bill. This can be a huge fail area due to the possibility of ringing up a wrong order, or splitting the check with different debit cards and cash.While thither may be certain areas that can be prone to slow delivery or problems for the customer, there are dissolvers to address these areas and create a flawless experience based on the service blueprint. For example, wait times must be calculated correctly in order to assure a customer is given a correct time. It depart try a backup in the amount of people waiting and stir problems if someone is told that the wait is about 15 minutes, and they are waiting 25. It is better to give a little bit longer of a wait time just to give a little bit of flexibility. In regards to the food order process, the best possible alternative to these problem areas is to have theserver write down the correct order, repeat it with the guests, and ensure the order is cooked correctly before deliverance it out to the customers. This is an important area to be precise in because the product of Olive Garden is their food, and service will lack credibility if the food is not brought out correctly. Finally, the last fail point that must be addressed very seriously is the processing of the check for the customers.This area is so important because it is the last interaction with customer and the last piece of physical evidence they have to take with from the experience. If this experience is not seamless and quick, it may ruin the whole experience. Because of this, the solution for the Olive Garden server is to be quick, efficient, and to double check with the customers on how they want the bill split (if they do). All these areas have simple solutions that can be easily overlooked and it is important to keep them in mind every day. Service blueprints can be used in an organization for marketing, human imaginativeness management, and operations. When designing a blueprint for marketing you should take into account what the customer actually sees or handles. If you are marketing free food to attract customers, you should also see how many steps are involved in providing that free food. Marketing is a tricky area in the industry. Many different items can fall under marketing and when designing a blueprint you should mange all those items and areas. When designing the blueprint for human resources, you should focus on all personnel.You should include factors involving hiring new employees and maintaining current employees. Also, some human resource departments may also want to create another list of items relating to their relationship and personnel involving the unions. The managers should decipher what needs to go into the blueprint by creating a chart that lists all responsibilities and duties of the human resource department. The Operations blueprint will be bigger than other departments blueprints. This is where the guest has the most contact with the employees and staff. There is also more physical evidence in this department than all other areas. The support process will be smaller in comparison with the contact person category.Making the blueprint has taught me a lot about the restaurant industry. I have discover there are many factors of physical evidence that can affect the experience of a guest. I didnt realize that parking could cause some gueststo get irritated. While at Olive Garden, I notice one of the employees was outside cleaning up the parking lot and making sure that there was no trash anywhere. I also noticed there are several points where a guest can be delighted. Something as easy as making sure the drinks are delivered as quickly as possible can lead to a guest getting that wow factor. Making sure that you have a proper support process is also something that affects the restaurant as a whole. In the process of the host stand, they should make sure that there is a proper reservations and seating system being used. While in the business world, I will make sure that all items on a blueprint will have a proper and effective support system. The only way you can effectively mange people is by being able to manage them when youre not around. This is an example of properly staffing, training, and creating systems for the employees to follow.

Compare the Structure and Function of Collagen and Haemoglobin Essay

Haemoglobin is a transport protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carries carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. In order to function most efficiently, haemoglobin need to bind to oxygen tightly when the oxygen concentration is high in the lungs and be able to release oxygen rapidly in the relatively abject partial pressure in the tissues. I will be comparing the grammatical construction and function of haemoglobin with the construction and function of collagen, which is a structural protein. Collagens functions ar quite different from those of globular proteins such as enzymes tough bundles of collagen c all(prenominal)ed collagen fibers are a major component of the extracellular matrix that supports most tissues and gives cells organize from the outside. Collagen is also present in certain cells as it has great tensile strength, and is the main component of fascia, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone and teeth.Primary Structure the number, type and sequence of amino acidsThe primary level of organize in a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids, formed by a condensation reaction. The primary structure of these proteins are very different. The haemoglobin molecule consists of four polypeptide (globin) gyves, where as collagen is made up of three polypeptide duress wound round each other. In Haemoglobin on that point are a wide range of amino acid constituents in the primary structure, in contrast 35% of collagens primary structure is glycine. This dispute in primary structure causes the proteins themselves to be different due to the original different primary structure the haemoglobin protein is soluble in water whereas the collagen protein is not. unessential structure Formed when the chain of amino acid coils or folds to form an of import helix or beta pleated sheet.Haemoglobin is comprised of four polypeptide fractional monetary units, two with alpha helix secondary structure and two with beta pleated s heet form. All four components carry a heme group that can bind to oxygen, and all four components must be present to form haemoglobin. The order of the haemaglobin affects its ability to carry oxygen, and travel freely throughout the circulatory system. Whereas Collagens secondary structure involves three strands of protein bonded together between the chains with hydrogen bondsand then misshapen into a helix that is referred to as a collagen helix.Tertiary structure the net three dimensional shape of protein is formed when these coils and pleats coil or fold. Due to interactions between R-groups of the different amino acids. The tertiary structure or overall shape of collagen protein subunits is a helical chain. Due to the ways in which the amino acids are arranged the protein can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Soluble proteins, like haemoglobin will fold with the hydrophobic side on the inside and the hydrophilic side on the outside. As with all proteins the tertiary structure o f each subunit is held in place by a number of bonds and interactions, these interation give the subunits and whole molecule very specific shapes, this is why haemoglobin and collagen differ so greatly in structure and in function as the shape of the molecule (due to the tertiary structure) is vital for the molecule to carry out its function.Quaternary structure somewhat proteins are made up of more than one polypeptide subunit joined together. The quaternary structure of haemoglobin consists of four polypeptide subunits. Two are called alpha chains and two are called beta chains. The four subunits together form one haemoglobin molecule, which is water soluble. In comparison, The quaternary structure of collagen consists of three left-handed helices twisted into a right-handed coil. Fibrous proteins, like collagen contain polypeptide chains arranged in long strands or sheets, whereas globular proteins, like haemoglobin have polypeptide chains that are folded in a spherical shape.Du e to the differences in structure of collagen and haemoglobin their shape and function also differ greatly. The triple helix structure of collagen gives the structure strength and therefore the function of collagen is to provide mechanical strength in many areas. Where as the presence of a prosthetic group, Haem, in the structure of haemoglobin means oxygen can bind to the iron. This means that one complete haemoglobin molecule can bind up to four

Working Overtime and Job Satisfaction in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao

pic Working everywheretime and Job gratification in Hilton imprint Hongqiao conjure up Yujie Hou Relation No. 74759 Mentor Sandy Loup Internship in Front Desk & Executive Lounge, Hilton nobble Hongqiao, China Stenden University Leeuwarden The Netherlands Bachelor of International Hospitality Management phratry, 2012 Table of confine Declaration of own workplace3 Introduction4 Chapter 1. Company Description5 Chapter 2. Project Exploration8 Chapter 3. Literature Review9 3. 1 Working overtime9 3. People who work overtime12 3. 3 The reasons of work long hours12 3. 4 Job satisfaction and working overtime13 3. 5 Conceptual model. 15 3. 6 Problem definition16 Chapter 4. Methodology16 4. 1 Research design16 4. 2 Instrument design17 4. 3 Limitations of Research Methods17 4. 4 Data Analyze18 Bibliography19 extension 1. 21 Appendix 2. 22 Declaration of own work 1. This work is composed by me. 2. This work has not been accepted in any earlier application for a degree or diploma, by m e or anyone else. 3. The work of which this is a record is done well and truly by me. 4.All verbatim extracts ache been distinguished by quotation marks and the sources of my development have been specifically acknowledged. Date September 01, 2012 Name Yujie Hou Signature Introduction In 1993-1994, 23% of females and 27% of males claimed to have worked unpaid overtime (Bell and Hart, 1999). The Beijing Bureau of Statistics said employed people in Chinas capital worked for 5. 9 days, or 47. 2 hours, a workhebdomad on average (Xinhua News Agency, 2006). An online survey of 15,000 people from a well-known Chinese traffic-hunting website shows a shocking figure that over 40% of the respondents worked vertime without paid. An incredible realness from Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions reported that more than 50% of Hong Kong women who have full-time hypothecates work overtime at least two hours any day. Why do Chinese people work overtime become an ordinary phenomenon? How do th ey feel virtually working overtime? How do Chinese feel somewhat having to work overtime? Do they feel happy? Can the company get more benefits from employee working overtime? The relationship between overtime working and job satisfaction and how working overtime involves in job satisfaction could be discovered.On behalf of understanding, measuring and improving job satisfaction is an advantage competitive in hotel management team. Therefore, this project main(prenominal)ly focuses on figuring out how working overtime impacts on job satisfaction, and in order to help managers in Hilton impress Hongqiao to get a better method of measuring working overtime and improving employee satisfaction. First of all, a company description is given in the report. In this chapter, not only the general knowledge of the company itself will be introduced, but also the figures of staff turn over, salary of employees and a SWOT summary ar given.The fol humbles chapter Project Exploration high li ghting the purpose of this management project, furthermore, the litterateurs ar reviewed in the following chapter, a conceptual map is drawed into decimal point points, problem statement and research questions are mentioned as well. Last but not least, the chapter of Methodology decribes a method of research method, instrument design, data collecting, data measuring and analysing. Chapter 1. Company Description The full name of the company is Shanghai Hongqiao Yuanyi Hilton, which is a joint venture business with Yuanyi Group and Hilton Worldwide.Yuanyi Group is the owner of ironware facilities and real estate, Hilton hotels resorts is a managerial role in the property. The company is a sub-brand of Hilton worldwide, which is Hilton hotels amp resorts. It is a full service five star hotel which opened in October of 2010. The facilities of the hotel are do it, plush and luxury. The company is located in Hongqiao Economic and Technical Development Zone, is just 15 minutes from Hongqiao Airport (Terminal I) and 13km from Peoples Square in the tit of Shanghai.Apart from the above events, there is a buffet restaurant Essence indulging in fine Pan Asian and Mediterranean cuisine at the all-day and precedent authentic Cantonese dishes at Yue Xuan which is an a la cart restaurant. excessly, Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao provides a business center, lobby lounge Pulse, Delicatessen, Vine Bar, fitness center and a stay committed Executive Lounge to satisfy the diverse needs of the guests The company places marketing emphasis on two business travelers and leisure travelers, and also Japanese guests which is a main market for the company itself.There are over 500 work members in this company, which including foreigners, locals and also staffs from other cities in China. Most of the head office managers and directors are foreigners. Full-time contract employee accounts for 72. 8%, and the part-time contract employee takes up12. 4 percentage in this company mostly in ba nqueting and Essence restaurant and the trainees get 14. 8 percentages. The company is a newly opened hotel, and the executive building was just partly open in April, 2012.The biggest problem of the Human option discussion section is the talent gap. In order to attract more new interviewees, every Wednesday is the company Open day and people can go to the Human Resource department to hand in their CVs without an appointment. Through the monthly employee party, it can be seen that there are always new staffs join in the Hilton family. As the information shared from the HR assistant manager, the staff turn over of year 2011 was 13. 1%, it is higher than the average hotel staff turn over rate which is 10% in Shanghai (Fang Xu, 2010).The turn over of head office employees in this company is also very high, during the menstruum of the authors internship, the General Manager, theater director of Finance, Director of the operation, Director of business development, FB manager, Front O ffice Manager, three Duty managers played job-hopping to another company. There are 11 levels accounted in Hilton, such as GM is the highest level which is 11 and trainee is level one. The salary of the trainee is 1,000RMB, more or less 120 per month. The biggest employee amount is level three, the average salary is 2,800RMB (=346) per month, supervisors are at level 5 which can own 3,400RMB (=419. ) per month. As an example gave within duty managers, the salary of foreigner is three times than the Chinese employee in the same level position. A following SWOT analysis remand shows an overall idea of the companys both internal and external conditions. The internal part includes Strengths and Weaknesses. The Strengths are more focuses on the company facilities and around the environment. For instance, the golf court is a big strong point of Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao, which is just in a walking distance. The weaknesses are mostly from the guest complains.For example, the 80RMB of pos e fee is a big guest complains in this company and it happens almost everyday. Three separated buildings are a weak point because it is very mixed for the guests to find the direction. The service quality is a frequent criticism object from customers. The external part is focused on the financial environment and competitors. Shanghai attracts 215 zillion domestic tourists and 8. 5 million foreign tourists in 2010. In addition, tourism revenue of Shanghai in 2010 is 305. 3 billion RMB (Shanghai tourist development report, 2012).There are 44 five-star hotels and 64 four-star hotels in Shanghai and 11 five-star and 7 boutique hotels are building up. Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao won the Top Seller in September 2012 in Asia Pacific area. The company has a lot of opportunities and it is a great time, but also it is facing with various challenges. Table 1. Chapter 2. Project Exploration During a period of 10 months, it turned out that it apparently it was difficult for employees to finish th eir tasks within the required time resulting in having to work over time.In hotel operation departments, there are three shifts, in general, morning shift staffs working from 7am till 3pm, the afternoon shift from 3pm till 11pm, and the rest hours are evening shift. However, most of the employees in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao will spend quite long time in the shift turnover period, and it leads directly to work overtime in everyday and in every department. Furthermore, these over hours will not be counted into paid overtime working. Front office is not the only department, but it apparently most frequently in the company.Moreover, as it was written in the previous chapter, the turnover rate in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao is higher than the average rate. Especially in front desk department, since 2011 November till 2012 September there were 5 employees quitted their job who had worked there over one year and 9 trainees had not worked over 6 months which means they quit before they became a formal staff. It be seen through the first two sentences written in the introductory chapter that working overtime is very normal in China and the globe shows it is a truth in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao.This project is trying to identify the relationship between working overtime and job satisfaction, and enhance to give the managers of Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao a further consideration of monitoring overtime working and improving employee satisfaction. Meanwhile, job satisfaction is a source of long-term competitive advantage in the hospitality industry, by the core values of Hilton Worldwide which is described as Hospitality, Integrity, Leadership, Teamwork, Ownership and Now, each values have a strong connection with job satisfaction.For the Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao, this management project could be a helpful way to get more involved into employee satisfaction and measuring overtime working as well. Chapter 3. Literature Review This chapter concent judge in working overtime and job satisfaction. Figure has an intuitive feeling to compare the distinguishable hours of working overtime in different places, so the first paragraph research figures to give an overview of working overtime in selected places and according to law and compare with Chinas situation.The following two paragraphs are in an attempt to find out who works overtime, and the reasons of people work overtime. Furthermore, the job satisfaction of different genders, the importance of job satisfaction and the relationship between job satisfaction and overtime working will be reviewed in the last paragraph. Last but not least a conceptual model covers the main point which includes the literature review. 3. 1 Working overtime In this part, the definition of working overtime is given, and some figures of overtime hours in different countries and a table of standard and maximum working hours for comparison.Working overtime is normally approved in advance by the Head of Department and is agreed in order to complete work for a deadline or to meet additional demands. However, the initial periods of less than half an hour are not classified as work overtime. Additional hours or overtime will not qualify for breakments until the member of staff has worked to their number of basic contractual workweekly hours (Working additional hours and overtime, 2011). Pascal and Damien (2000) found that about 20% of European employees work 45 or more hours a week, and about 13% of the full-time employees weekly work over 50 hours.Long work hours are also a common phenomenon in the United States more than 1/4 of US men and 11% of women work more than 50 hours a week (Jacobs Gerson, 2004). In addition, extreme overtime work is pervasive in Korea and Japan where many employees work more than 60 hours a week (Amagasa, Nakayama, Takahashi, 2005). A reach showed that there are only 13. 7 percent worked for no more than cardinal hours a day in China, 40. 3% worked eight to nine hours, 23. 48 percent p ut in nine to 10 hours a day and 22. 0 percent worked more than 10 hours (Xinhua News Agency, 2006). In generally overtime work is a common phenomenon in both Asian and Western countries. Working overtime also occurs in developed countries both in Asia and Western. Moreover, China has the most numbers of populations who work over 8 hours everyday which accounts at 86. 3%. The following figure gives a clear turn in of the standard working hours in selected places, and the maximum overtime hours allowed in the law and also the overtime pay rate. Table 2. Selected places Standard working Maximum overtime hours allowed Overtime pay rate Hours Finland 8 hours/day Up to 138 hours within a period of 4 months 1. 5 times of the secureness rate of pay for the first two hours 40 hours/Week Up to 250 hours during a calendar year. 2 times for any extra hours. The yearly maximum can be exceeded at 80 hours on a local agreement. France 35 hours /week Up to 220 hours per year. Each hour of overtime is payable at 10% to 50% higher than the This limit may be exceeded with a collective agreement between the employer regular hourly rate, depending on the cumulative total overtime and employee. hours worked. Ireland 48 hours /week No specification of legal maximum overtime hours The actual working hours No statutory obligation on employers to pay employees higher rates may fluctuate considerably as long as the average working hour per week is for overtime works. not more than 48 hours over 4, 6 or 12 months (depending on circumstances) Japan 8 hours /day Up to 2 hours per day for jobs this may cause harm to health. No lower than the rate stipulated by Cabinet Order within the range 40 hours/week of no less than 25% and no more than 50% over the normal wage per hour or per day. Malaysia 8 hours /day Up to 4 hours per day except under special occasions. 1. 5 times of the regular rate of pay. 48 hours /week Singapore 8 hours /day Up to 72 ho urs per month 1. 5 times of the regular rate of pay. 44 hours/week South Korea 8 hours /day Up to 4 hours per day 1. 5 times of the regular rate of pay. 40 hours /week Up to 12 hours per week. mainland China 8 hours /day Up to 4 hours per day and 46 hours per month. 2 hours, at least an additional 1/3 of the regular hourly rate. 84 hours two week 2

Sun Chips Case

0817 General Assessment of Sunchips test market results. Pros A pro would be that Frito-Lay knows where the majority of their gross sales be happening. Due to about 90 percent of them being in supermarkets and convenience stores. It is also a pro that they puzzle determined what percentage of all(prenominal) size package and flavor they are selling. In addition they have also determined the percentage of notifynibalization that will happen. Another pro is that the cumulative buy up percentage steadily rose every week. Cons A con to these test market results would be that they have only been run for ten months.The results could be ballooned considering that they are introducing a new product. Another con would be that only about 1 in 5 households (less than 20%) have tried the product. And out of that 20 percent only 41. 8 percent had repeat purchases. Continue test market for another(prenominal) six months Pros A pro for continuing test merchandising for six additional months w ould be that they would get even more than accurate test market results. In addition, they will have the advantage of seeing how often word of mouth can raise their cumulative trial and repeat percentages. ConsThe con to continuing test marketing for six more months would be that if they take for grantedt go ahead and launch nationally a competitor might launch a similar product nationally and upstage Frito-Lay. Therefore, the fortune to be first-to-market would be lost. Another con could be that if their data is accurate they are losing significant profit for the next six months. Introduce Sunchips nationally with the resembling introductory strategy. Pros A con to this strategy would be that if the test market results are accurate, then Frito-Lay would profit from their new product and know all the demand details of cannibalization.Yet, if the test market results are accurate then Frito-Lay should definitely introduce Sunchips nationally. Frito-Lays revenue goal for Sunchips 100 million if introduced nationally. Revenue in the M-St. Paul Minneapolis from triers and repeaters was about 512,000 and 620,000 respectively. The M-St. Paul Minneapolis area accounts for 2. 2 percent of the 90 million snack ship user households in the U. S. By extrapolating the results from M-St. Paul Minneapolis to the U. S. , Frito-Lay can expect revenue to exceed 110 million. ConsA con would be the possibility of the ten month test market results to be inaccurate. In this case Frito-Lay would have launched nationally too soon. In addition, Frito-Lay will be giving up the opportunity to test out different strategies. Introduce Sunchips with some strategy pass (more advertising, larger package sizes, another flavor) Pros More advertising would lead to more brand awareness and possibly more sales. Larger package sizes would be safe if sold at the same price per ounce. They would give customers another option.Adding another flavor would increase sales and possibly gain new cus tomers. Cons The con to more advertising would be more spending, which takes away from profits. The problem with larger package sizes is that they would have to produce and distribute a whole new package. The con to adding another flavor is that it would increase cannibalization from 30 to 35 percent. There is also a con to the combination of adding a larger package and a new flavor. By adding these two, stock-keeping units would double from six to twelve, therefore going from two flavors and three sizes (6) to three flavors and four sizes (12).

An Artwork of Modern Realism Essay

Edward Hoppers painting called depicting of siege of Orleans pictures the town of Orleans back in 1950. The painting shows the point of intersection of a town road at daytime, with the informant standing a little to the right in the middle part of the road. T here atomic number 18 buildings on the further right side of the viewer, and a section of foreboding trees on the left side, which ext force outs to the further end and perverts backward to the right, straight to the area of buildings. Main BodyThe seven formal elements of art design are the following (1) line, (2) shape, (3) form, (4) space, (5) texture, (6) light, and (7) color (School of Art, stick out and Art History n. d. ). Going over Hoppers portrait of Orleans, we analyze it based on these seven elements Line. Hoppers painting is filled with either plumb lines or two congruent lines that converge at the middle to form a appearance of triangle, which lend the oculus upward to space (a cloudless sky). Curves were substance abused to lead the eyes to the motion aimed by the painter.The curve of the looming trees, for example, extends vertically to the end and then curves backward to arrive at the right side of the road where the buildings are. From there, the level lines of the road lead the eye to the right to extend beyond the picture. Shape. Shapes that were used were usually squares, circles, rectangles, and triangles. The shapes were usually affiliated through the use of perpendicular angles and right angles that lead one shape to the next. In the trees, for example, angles lead the eye from the rectangular trunk to the orotund leaves above the trunk.Form. There are forms in the 2-dimensional items in the painting, as it creates depth, width, and height. The circular forms in the trees accentuate the form by using the right shade that darkens as the color progresses to the bottom. This creates depth, width, and height, which is express also by the shadows that the looming trees are projecting. Space. The use of space is more apparent on the nearer wad of the intersecting road as well as the cloudless sky. Space gives huge impression on a painting, such as this one by Hopper.Because of the huge amount of space, it projects a feeling of isolation on the side of the viewer quietness, stillness, and a little of the feeling of alienation. Texture. Texture contrasts from the rougher ones on the trees, roofs, and tires to the smoother ones on the buildings, road post, and traffic light. Texture, together with shades and use of color, gives an added depth that makes the picture more realistic. This can be seen in Hoppers painting, wherein texture makes the viewer feel the realism attached to the scene. Light.Light here was used basically to give emphasis to other elements like texture, shape, and form. It was also used to exaggerate the mood, as it gives a more isolated projection by emphasizing empty space, which cannot be made executable with the use of a dimme r light. The effect of the scene cannot also be made possible prim use of light. Color. The type of colors that was used here can be described as light, luminous, and realistic. The consonance does not develop a mood that is heavy, although it does not develop one that is happy and gay either.The use of colors (e. g. , tangerine), as well as the other elements, forms a sort of mysterious aura, creating a sort of tension on the side of the viewer. Conclusion Arthur McDowall wrote in 1918 At the bottom of realism, in all its variations, seems to be the sense of actual existence an acute awareness of it, and a vision of things under that form (3). The Portrait of Orleans is nothing different from this it is art applied for a sense of existence, with a vision of how reality appears in mystery, tension, and motion.Appendix Edward Hoppers Portrait of Orleans (1950), available at Works Cited McDowall, Arthur. world A Study in Art and Thought. London Constable, 1918. Portrait of Orleans . 2008. Allposters. com.21 May 2008 . School of Art, Design and Art History. ART BASICS The 7 Formal Elements of Art Design. N. d. San Diego State University. 21 May 2008 .

Wilderness Bradley Watker

I hobbled as fast as I could across the fasten. I didnt brass back and I didnt look down the former beca determination I didnt penury to know scantily how close it was, the latter because I didnt want to see the blood spurting from my foot. It was chasing me. I didnt human action round, entirely with each limped and painful step I knew it was right behind me, ready to pounce and end any futile hope of survival. It was so nuzzle, at my shoulder, on top of me, right through my brain. I could feel its breath pushing against my neck, salivating in hunger. why didnt it just finish me off?Maybe it wanted me to turn, maybe the mo ment I looked it would be on that point. Its wild eyes shining into mine, its wide mouth ready to make an aperture of my throat. The temptation to turn was immense. If I dark it would be over, I wouldnt flip to run hobble, limp, stagger anymore. I ascertain it growl, ready to pounce. My arms flailed, my servicemangled foot slipped in a coating of my own blood only exempt I ran, quieten I refused to look back. I kept thinking of survival, thinking thered be a future, thinking Id pitch it away and it was with that thin slice of hope that my legs disappeared from under me.I screamed, still it was a sound of surprise affable of than pain and it was woolly-headed in a terrible scream from across the moor. Who was that? Was it house? Was it Pete? Wed run together, free thinking it couldnt hunt down all(a) told three of us across these moors. solely was that right? It was a long way to run and we had no idea how swift it was. I closed my eyes and listened. It was check into. It was Mark screaming into the nighttime. It was Mark being torn a develop. I opened my eyes, slowly, and looked behind me. on that point was nonhing. There were no red eyes, there were no bloo topd teeth. Yet I could experience its breath so close, smell its foul raw hunger. But it wasnt there, Marks cries told me that. It had followed M ark the fattest one meat on the carcass for a favorable feast. But I could still hear its breath, trapped in my mind, telling me it was near, that despite Marks cries it was still hunting me.I steadied myself and looked around. Id tumbled into a crimson ditch, a jagged hole covered in blood. Every abut of passel, every patch of mud was smeared red. I blinked a couple of times and gagged as the stench one shot its way through my nostrils and thusly, under the lunationlight, I saw them. There were a dozen rabbit carcasses in the hole with me, each of them dissected and eviscerated by teeth. This is where it was before the bar, this is where it started before it came to us for the main course. I pulled myself up, stimulate Id vomit. Marks cries had stopped.Mark had been stopped. It was silent again, so I couldnt retch. If I threw up it would know where I was, it would find me easy. I crawled from the ditch, away from the blood and the smell. I lay on the grass, come uping my face pressed down, hoping the aroma of night time freshness would re blend in all others. I was tempted to just stay there, but the pain in my heel was too much. I had a knife in my shack, a good sharp blade. I could cut out the wound, remove the infection. The shack wasnt far. I knew this land, knew how to navigate these moors I just prayed I could move fast comme il faut it wouldnt catch me.I stood up, beatting my weight on my right foot, only cautious using my odd. I took my bearings. Marks cries had come from the east. What was it doing now? Was it feasting? Was it burrowing its nose into Marks blubber? Or was it going to use the lousiness to hunt down me and Pete as well?It had started in the bar what? Half an hour preferably? A bearing time ago? The Bar At The End Of The World we called it. There had been three of us in, and capital of Minnesota the bar-keep. No matter who else was there, the three of us and Paul the bar-keep were incessantly there. We were single men, away from civilisation, sprightly in the absence of any other gay companionship to have a kind of family to go to of an evening. It wasnt exclusive, we never made anyone feel an out rampr. When others came in from the moors they were welcomed, they were old friends. Even strangers received a cheery greeting. Wed had lost English motorists, Scotsmen in kilts, even once a Japanese coach party. We always treated strangers kindly, we always wanted the stranger to leave as a friend. We werent a bar which looked shifty and suspicious at every unknown who walked in. We smiled, we cheered, we brought some other round.The stranger who walked in that night was different. He looked cold, distant, unfriendly. He looked like a man who wouldnt appreciate smiles or cheers or any warm welcome. He was huge, the size and shape of a bear near seven foot of him. He lowered his head through the doorway and so straightened, standing dead still, staring at us on our bar-stools. Pete the frie ndliest, youngest and lithest tended to pounce forward and shake the pass off of whoever came in, he didnt with this guy. This man just stood and glared at us, like he was ready to growl if we came near.We were in the wild, we ourselves were part of the wild but he looked like he was born of it. His hair was greasy and matted to his simian shaped skull, his beard was torn and tangled, his skin was red and lined from exposure. His long jacket was the cook of every kind of dirt, his trousers were stained and short on his bruised calves, his torn shirt was only buttoned once cover off a dis meet and lined torso.It was Paul who spoke. Paul was the custodian and was never s handled of con forwarding the robustious elements his shotgun was never far from reach at a lower place the bar.Can I help you? he asked.The man did nothing, just continued to stare with passive venom.Can I help you? tell Paul.The man moved. He turned his head, slowly, towards the bar-keep.Whisky. said the man, his voice as dark as earth.You got money for that? asked Paul.It was never usually a problem. Once or twice wed had a tramp stray out that far and wed brought them drinks tramps have stories too. No one seemed willing to volunteer this time.The man took three strides, three strides which seemed to dent and echo against the floor. He grabbed a bar stool and swooped it under him. It was amazing those rickety old stools could take such a weight.Whisky. said the man.You got money for that? said Paul.They stared at each other. Paul kept his hand beneath the bar, clutching the gun. There was music on the jukebox, an old pop hit of the nineteen-seventies, but even though it played it was like lull had come and crushed it.The man brought his hand up, a brutal weapon of a fist huge, scarred and red. He opened it, dropping a dozen coins down onto the bar. He smiled at Paul, or gave what passed for a smile on that face.Paul let go of the gun and pulled out a clean codswallop.What kin d? he asked.Whisky.Paul shrugged and reached for a bottle the cheapest and poured out a measure.The whisky made itself at sept at the bottom of the glass, but the man just stared at it in disapproval.Whisky. he said.Paul poured another measure.Again the man stared at it with disgust strained across his wrinkled, bruised face.Whisky.Paul shrugged again and poured it so the glass was brimming with brown liquid.Helicopters I could suddenly hear choppers. They were up there, more than one patrolling the night-sky. I dropped to the grass and looked up, but couldnt see them despite the moonlight. How did they know about it? Who had called them? It took a long time to get a helicopter out here helicopters were city. They must have been hunting this thing awhile, must have track it down here. But what were they going to do now? It was an animal, it had natural senses they didnt know this moor, they didnt know where things were. It was ridiculous, what were city men in helicopters goin g to do against a beast like that?I lay still. They were on my stead. The police, the army, the trade protection authorities whoever they were we all wanted the same thing, we wanted it gone. But I knew they wouldnt be as alert as I would. Theyd come to the moors before looking for things, other animals roaming these parts. Theyd found them, theyd got them and so what if a topical anaesthetic got in the way of their sharpened bullets? It was collateral damage, it didnt matter. After all, we were too far away from the cities and the towns and the newspapers and the television cameras for anyone to care what actually happened. We were too far away for the death of a few yokel innocents to matter. But we knew. We knew it was as just as dangerous encountering a city man sent with a gun as it was encountering a beast.I got up slowly. What would I look like to them? A man limping in darkness across the moor, smeared with dirt and remains how was I going to appear to them?I tried t o figure out where they were the sound of propellers said they were close, but I could also hear that external respiration. I shuddered. I had to keep moving, I had to get safe. My shack, with heavy bolts on the doors and windows, was still a mile away. There was nowhere else though. nowhere between where I stood and my shack. Nowhere in that direction between the bar and my shack. It was all so desolate. I had to get home I could lock himself in, I had weapons, Id be able to treat my ankle and ease up myself a chance of a tomorrow. I just had to get off the moor. I didnt want to die out there from either sharpened teeth or sharpened bullets.The man had just stared at that glass of whisky. Rain fell, records changed on the jukebox and still the man watched that glass with slow contemplation. All human sound had died. Before the man walked in Pete was regaling us with a childhood story wed all heard three hundred times, Mark nevertheless could not stop sniggering at it now there was only silence. We stared at the man anxious of what he was going to do, scared of what he was going to do. Pauls hand was below the bar, tight on the gun. Maybe the man would just drink and leave. Maybe hed drink and start a conversation. Maybe.His hand reached quick for the glass. One moment it was lying still in his lap, the next it was dropping the brown liquid down his throat. He took it in one gulp, accordingly slammed the glass back to the bar and stared at it disappointed. He seemed to wonder if that was it. Paul reached his free hand to the bottle, to offer a refill, when the man jerked himself over the glass. He hunched his body over as if about to vomit the contents back in, his head so close he could have snapped the rim with his teeth. But he didnt. Instead he unfurled his tongue, pushing it into the asinine glass so it curled at the bottom and piled up on itself.The tongue was long, dark, thick it had ii black veins running and pulsing up the back. He pushed it into the glass and filled it. The receptacle crammed bounteous with purple contour spilling over the top Then he made a slurping sound, like his tongue was a paper-straw make for the last drop of liquid. He slid it out, but stayed hunched forward and unfurled it again, wrapping his tongue around the prat of the glass. He lifted it from the bar, tilting his head back and shaking whatever atoms of whisky might be left(a) into his wide eager mouth. He dropped the glass back to the bar carelessly, so it landed on its side and rolled. The man grunted as it came to a stop right at the edge.I wasnt far now, but still far from safe. The helicopters had moved away, but there were men on the moors. I could hear them communicating, I could hear the static of their walkie-talkies. They were armed and scared in the moonlight, and it didnt matter what they saw man, sheep, deer, great big beast theyd all get the same treatment. I kept moving, conscious of them, conscious of the salivating breath, conscious that one wrong turn and Id be exposed for all in the moonlight. I rounded a ridge, and there close enough to see was my shack. I felt so much relief I nearly wept, but then I heard them on the bank right above me. I hit bank-side and listened, they were chatting about vectors and closed downs and containing the area. All the time the beast was getting nearer.It was so dark out there even with the moon that it could have pounced from five feet and surprised me. Even with armed city men so close, it would still have time to tear out my throat before taking them too. They were above me so I couldnt move, but I could hear the beast and knew I had to move. The sound of its hunger was louder when I stopped. It seemed like it could attack from all sides, like I could be ripped apart by more than one of them. It was everywhere. What were those idiots doing? Why were they advertising themselves? I held my breath and listened to them and listened to it, and figured I wa s in for a bloody death.Then there were screams. From across the moor came dreadful cries, that even through the wind I recognised as Pete. I lurched forward from the bank, but then reality knocked me back again. Even if I knew where to run it would be too late. The screams swirled in the wind, they echoed, so it seemed that each death throe was repeated again and again across the moors. The men primed their weapons, but what were they going to fire at? It could be miles off, it could be bursting up from just over the next hillock. lastly there was movement, orders were given, the men raced away. I could still hear the breathing, rattling between my ears even with the screams. I could hear the helicopters swooping back. The men had gone, the helicopters werent near enough yet and it was as close as it had ever been. If I looked to my left I could make out the brickwork of my shack. I moved hastily towards it.With the empty glass in front of him, the man closed his eyes and became st ill. Why hadnt Paul shot him then? Why didnt he just blast him one? What had gone through Pauls mind to make him wait?But then the probability was gone, his eyes opened and he spoke.I get so lonely, he said. I get so very, very lonely. His voice was quiet, a growled monotone. I know the kind of life I lead isnt meant to have company, but still I am lonely. I think its an odd thing for me to have stick lonely I wasnt born lonely, I didnt grow up lonely, there was nothing in my life that suggested loneliness. But now I am alone. I dont shed the people I knew, I dont neglect the people who loved me some of them I cant even remember but I do miss the sensation of somebody else, I do miss there being another.I talk to myself a lot, I talk to myself and try to make sense of it, because after all who else is there to talk to? Sure, there are people like you. Theres the welcome of strangers when I can get it. But youre not my friends, youre not even my friends for the hours I spend here. Youre just people I meet. You dont like me and you dont trust me and Ill be trusty with you, you have no reason to do either. You know what I am, or you have a good idea what I am. You know what I have to do, you know what will happen next. And later on when Im alone I might regret it, but for nowAnd there it was an angry mass of hair, claws and teeth. It went for Mark first the most meat but Mark was strong and pushed it back. It was only for a second, knocking it off balance, but enough for the three of us to get passed. We scrambled, had almost reached the outside, when it clamped me in a hungry vice. I looked to my foot and saw its horrible mutated face, growling and supping at my flesh. I screamed and it was answered by a gunshot. Paul put both barrels into its back. It roared and let go of my heel, and I hobbled out as fast as I could. There was another shot, and then a scream from Paul.I reached my shack, fumbling in the darkness as I tried to open the door. I had to be quicker my blood was in the air, for certain I was going to be next. It was so near, its breath seemed to bruise the back of my neck. Finally the door opened. I slammed it behind me, bolted it, pushed furniture to block the windows. Outside were choppers, men running but they werent going to get near it. It was coming for me, stalking me.I opened the table drawer and pulled out my revolver, then went to my book shelves and cracked open a little box. It was a present, given to me as a keepsake, a lucky charm, in case I ever needed it. A silver bullet. I looked to the door and with shaking fingers slipped it into the chamber. The full moon shone on me despite the furniture. I could hear growling, panting, a nearby and desperate salivating. But then I heard a chopper, I heard men. It receded, cowering, taking a tactical retreat. The sound of breathing softened in my head. I took a gulp of relief and vomited on the floor. The vomit was blood red.I sat down, shaking with tears. I reached to the drawer and pulled out a carving knife, bringing it to my heel. But it was no good. The wound was deeper than Id realised, the teeth had sunk in further than I thought, meeting below my flesh. There was no way I could just cut it out, the infection was in me, rampant in my blood.I put the gun to my temple. Why not? Anyone who passed as my friend had already died that night. But then the moonlight fey me and I realised just how powerful I felt. I could hear the breathing again, friendlier now though. There was a new smell in the night air warm, welcoming. The beast was just the other side of the door, I could sense it. I could smell it, it could smell me. I put the gun down and smiled. I guessed neither of us would be lonely for a little while.

Bw/Ip International, Inc Case

Valuation of Corpo array Finance BUFN 750 BW/IP International, Inc 1? BW/IP is a good candidate for the leverage buyout. * Steady cash fertilise (around 30 million per year). * Strong management team. * Positive NPV (about 61. 5 million) The NPV of BW/IP is 61. 5million(301-239. 5). Thus, we are rather optimistic about this BW/IPs project. Calculating the NPV. Method APV VL=VU+PV (ITS). We can adhere the post paid schedule from the BW/IPs projected operating movement, which means there is a pre-determined interest paid to debt holders.Assumption Tax count 38%. From 1991 to 1993, the assess rate remains to be constant, which is 38%. And we assume that the tax rate will continue to be 38%. demo 1 shows the do work of calculating tax rate harvest-time rateWe assume the project will last for infinity, and leaven in perpetuity after year 1992. And we use the average every year growth rate from 1990 to 1993 as our perpetuity growth rate, which is 2. 3%. reposition in NWCWe subtract cash from NWC provided in the case and we bring in the adjusted change in NWC.The calculation is presented in stage 2. Discount rateTypically, the investment sensible horizon of a common leverage buyout range from 5 to 10 historic period, so we use the ten years exchequer yields, ending at 1987 as the happen free rate, which is 8. 79%. For the market contain, we use the S&P 500 index in 1980s, which is 12. 79%. Thus, we can easily get the risk premium. evince 3 shows the process of calculating discount rate. Tax shieldsGiving the interest paid schedule, we can course out the tax shield each year from 1988 to 1993 at the tax rate of 38%.Discount rate with a pre-determined debt and interest paid, we should use the cost of debt to get the present value of interest tax shield, because the risk of tax shield is moving together with the risk of the loan (debt), instead of the total assets. We assume the merged borrowing rate is the same with BBB long-term bond, which is the cost of debt, 10. 63%. Thus the present value of tax shield from 1988 to 1993 is 31. 91. We assume perpetual debt from the year 1994, and the same growth rate, which is 2. 3%. showing 4 shows the affect of calculating tax shields.The FCF is presented in give 5. Sensitivity Analysis for BW/IP is presented in acquaint 6 2? We favor the proposed acquisition of UCP. The primary sources of value in the transaction include * pocket-sized chief city or cash requirement UCP is a small firm, which would require additional borrowing by BW/IP of only 13 million. * Synergy and efficient gains. UCPs product line complemented BW/IPs extremely well because UCPs most attractive feature was its installed base in the petroleum industry and together they would have the largest installed base in the petroleum segment. Improved management takeover can improve management because interest and principal payments can force management to improve performance and operating efficiency. The proposed pr ice is reasonable, because it is higher than the levered value of the project, which is 48. 17. Method APV VL=VU+PV (ITS). Assumption Tax rate Tax rate=38%, which is the same as the tax rate for BWIP. Growth rate We use the average annually growth rate from 1991 to 1993 as ourgrowth rate,which is 6%. Discount rate We use the ten years treasury yields, ending at 1988 as the risk free rate, which is 9. 4%. Exhibit 7 shows the calculation of Vu Exhibit 8 shows the calculation of PV(ITS) Sensitivity Analysis for UCP/IP is presented in Exhibit 6 3. How do the various(a) features of the BW/IP buyout affect the companysdecisions about long-horizon opportunities such as the UCP acquisition? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the 1987 buyout, viewed as a monetary program? After the buyout, BW/IP became a privately owned company which was less babelike from Borg-Warner Corporation than before in decision making.For the opportunities that the managers favored, such as the UCP acqui sition, the company had more luck to ingest on the deal. However, for the case in which larger amount of financing is required, the company may not be competitive enough without Borg-Warners financial support. The buyout could generateda better and a more efficient management, by ever-changing the corporate structure (including modifying and replacing executive and management staff, unnecessary company sectors, and excessive expenditures), BW/IP can revitalize itself and earn substantial returns.However, since the 1987 buyout is highly leveraged, the new company has a high debt-to-equity ratio, which means the company needs to achieve required return to pay the cost of debt or faced the chance of bankruptcy. Besides, the leveraged buyout is also considered to be a risky project, which may be easily affected by political economy environment. The chance of success tends to be larger under steadily growing economy, while smaller in recession periods. 4. As one of BW/IPs bankers, would you approve the companys pass on for a waiver of covenants and financing of the UCP acquisition?Yes. A banker will not approve to finance a project unless he has confidence in the profitability of the project and in that he can get his money back. The projected NPV of the UPC deal is 48. 17 million dollars, which is far bigger than the offer 18. 5 million dollars. To analyze this qualitatively, the expected success of the UCP acquisition comes from several aspects. Undeniably, the economic and industrial forecast is against financing a risky project . However, the deal will generate positive synergies since UCPs product line complemented BW/IPs extremely well.BW/IP will raise its competence in both pilot light equipment and aftermarket sector domestically as well as internationally after acquiring UPC. Besides, as mentioned in the case, the good credibility of Mr. Valli and his team and that C&Ds principals were experienced and respected in the financial community will affect ban kers attitude. Exhibit 1 Tax rate 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 EBT -9. 56 -0. 001 8. 91 12. 95 17. 31 19. 49 23. 57 Income tax 2. 8 0 0 3. 61 6. 58 7. 41 8. 96 Tax rate -29% 0% 0% 28% 38% 38% 38% Exhibit 2 Change in NWC AR 58. 68 53. 1 51. 69 55. 08 59. 11 63. 6 67. 91 72. 54 INV 58. 5 58. 39 60. 72 64. 66 69. 57 75. 46 80. 29 85. 53 otherwise real asset 3. 91 3. 49 4. 42 4. 7 4. 99 5. 31 5. 64 5. 99 AP 15. 78 18. 12 19. 73 20. 94 22. 32 23. 78 25. 19 26. 69 Other current liabilities 14. 92 17. 29 15. 19 16. 12 17. 1 18. 23 19. 36 20. 56 NWC 90. 39 79. 57 81. 91 87. 38 94. 25 102. 32 109. 29 116. 81 Change in NWC -10. 82 2. 34 5. 47 6. 87 8. 07 6. 97 7. 52 Exhibit 3 Cost of capital Cost of capital 17. 5% CAPM Rf 8. 79% Exhibit 7 ?a 1 Hint Market return 12. 79% S&P 500 index in 1980s Risk premium 4. 00% Exhibit 4 Interest tax shield 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Total interest paid 0. 63 1. 75 1. 66 1. 51 1. 4 1. 22 ITS tax emailprotected% 0. 24 0. 67 0. 63 0. 57 0. 53 0. 46 Cost of debt 10. 63% PV (ITS) 1988-1993 31. 91 PV (Terminal value) 37. 1 Total PV (ITS) 69. 00 Exhibit 5 Free cash come 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 FCF 39. 37 26. 8 24. 62 24. 11 24. 57 24. 72 25. 8 Growth rate 2. 3% Terminal Value 270 VU 232. 89 PV (ITS) 69 VL 301. 89 Exhibit 6 Sensitivity analysis for BW/IP * Buyout * NPV * % change of NPV * Growth rate * 0. 00% * 32. * -47. 91% * 2. 30% * 62. 39 * 0. 00% * 4. 60% * 109. 5 * 75. 51% * Discount rate * 10. 79% * 81. 5 * 32. 52% * 12. 79% * 61. 5 * 0. 00% * 14. 79% * 44. 5 * -27. 64% * Cost of debt * 9. 63% * 64. 5 * 4. 88% * 10. 63% * 61. 5 * 0. 00% * 11. 63% * 59. 5 * -3. 25% Exhibit 7The calculation of Vu 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 EBIT -1. 15 2. 59 3. 29 3. 96 4. 34 4. 74 Income tax -0. 44 0. 98 1. 25 1. 50 1. 65 1. 80 NI -0. 71 1. 61 2. 04 2. 46 2. 69 2. 94 FCF Depreciation 0. 48 0. 6 0. 99 0. 90 0. 84 0. 84 Change in NWC Change in AR 1. 13 -0. 15 -0. 22 -0. 20 -0. 13 -0. 14 Change in inventory -0. 36 0. 68 -0. 21 -0. 18 -0. 12 -0. 13 Change in other asset 1. 73 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Change in current liability 0. 27 0. 18 -0. 01 -0. 35 -0. 04 -0. 04 Change in NWC 2. 23 0. 35 -0. 42 -0. 03 -0. 21 -0. 23 Capital expenditure 0. 18 1. 20 0. 40 0. 40 0. 40 0. 40 FCF -2. 64 1. 02 3. 05 2. 99 3. 34 3. 61 Growth rate -2% 12% 8% Average growth rate 6% Terminal value 53. 15 FCF -2. 64 1. 02 3. 05 2. 99 56. 9 VU 40. 28 Exhibit 8The calculation of PV(ITS) 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Interest 0. 63 1. 75 1. 66 1. 51 1. 40 1. 22 ITS tax emailprotected% 0. 24 0. 67 0. 63 0. 57 0. 53 0. 46 Terminal value 2. 18 10. 01 PV (ITS) 7. 97 Exhibit 9 Sensitivity analysis for UCP/IP UCP NPV % Change of NPV Growth rate 0. 00% 14. 35 -51. 76% 6. 00% 29. 75 0. 00% 12. 00% 278. 5 836. 13% Discount rate 10. 79% 46. 5 57. 63% 12. 79% 29. 5 0. 00% 14. 79% 20. 21 -31. 49% cost of debt 9. 63% 30. 5 3. 39% 10. 63% 29. 5 0. 00% 11. 63% 27. 5 -6. 78%

Perceptions of African American Women Essay

I am taking some classes that will eventually qualify me to major in Astro Physics, or chemical substance engineering, I excessively want to work with NASA and train as an astronaut. It was amazing to know that Dr. Mae C. Jemison who happens to be the youngest of troika children born to a middle class African the Statesn family, Charlie Jemison, a maintenance worker and his wife, Dorothy, a teacher. Dr. Mae C.Jemison was the first contraband charr astronaut to be in space in an era fill with segregation and racism, she is a Chemical engineer, scientist, physician, teacher and astronaut, she has a wide range of experience in technology, engineering, and medical checkup research. In addition to her extensive background in science, she is well-versed in African and African-American Studies, speaks fluent Russian, Japanese, and Swahili, as well as English and is trained in dance and choreography. Dr. Mae C.Jamison was an inspiration to me, and probably to many African American wome n. She was full of resilience and determination especially to excite reached and achieved success in an unusual country of endeavor for many African American women, I applaud her determination to make a distinction among the African American women and blacks in Diaspora. After graduating from Morgan Park High School in 1973 at the suppurate of 16, Dr.Mae Jemison earned a BS in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University, while also fulfilling the requirements for a BA in African-American Studies. After earning these power points in 1977, she attended Cornell University and received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1981. During medical school she traveled to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand, providing primary medical care to people living there. This is an reading material of her humanitarian efforts and eagerness to reach out to the less privileged population. Having a desire to do much with her life, she enrolled in graduate classes in engineering and applied to NASA for admission t o the astronaut program.She was turned down on her first application, maybe because she is a black woman, provided she persevered and in 1987 was accepted on her second application. She became one(a) of the fifteen candidates accepted from over 2,000 applicants. When Dr. Mae Jemison successfully completed her astronaut training program in imperious 1988, she became the fifth black astronaut and the first black female astronaut in NASA history. In complementary her first space flight, Dr. Mae Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space, making her the first African-American woman in space.She says, I had to learn very early not to limit myself due to others limited imaginations. I have learned these days never to limit anyone else due to my limited imagination. This is an inspiration to other blacks in worldwide who normally assume a second class citizen and believe that they will never do well or will be appreciated in whatever they do. This is a wake-up call, and manifestation of the precept Determination is the mother of invention. In 1993, Dr.Mae Jemison resigned from NASA and founded the Jemison Group, Inc.to research, develop and implement advanced technologies suited to the social, political, cultural and sparing context of the individual, especially for the developing world. Current projects include Alpha, (TM) a satellite based telecommunication establishment to improve health care in West Africa and The Earth We Share, (TM) an inter discipline science camp for students ages 12 to 16, that utilizes an experiential curriculum. Among her current projects are several that focus on improving healthcare in Africa. She is also a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College.Dr. Mae Jamison made a name for herself and name for blacks in general Her entrepreneurial spirit put her in the limelight and acts as a boost to determined black men and women in Diaspora. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. It was instead surprising to read about Ell en Johnson-Sirleaf, I know almost vigor about this giant and queen of modern Africa who is presently the current president of Liberia. According to what I have read so far about this queen of Africa she was born In Monrovia, the capital of Liberia on October 29, 1938.During this period, Liberians had no clue that the First female president of an African country had been born into their mist. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is a daughter to descendents of fender colonists of Liberia (ex-African slaves from America, who promptly on arrival set about enslaving the indigenous people using the social agreement of their old American masters as a basis for their new society). These descendents are known in Liberia as Americo-Liberians.From what I read, I noticed that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was really an intellectual power house, a charismatic attractor and destined to make a change in Liberia and contribute her quota in Africa. From 1948 to 1955 Ellen Johnson studied accounts and economics at th e College of West Africa in Monrovia. After marriage at the age of 17 to James Sirleaf, she travelled to America (in 1961) and continued her studies, achieving a degree from the University of Colorado. From 1969 to 1971 she read economics at Harvard, gaining a masters degree in public administration.Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf then returned to Liberia and began working in William Tolberts (True Whig Party) government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf also served as Minister of Finance from 1972 to 73, but left after a disagreement over public spending, this is an indication of her prudence and will power. As the 70s progressed, life under Liberias one-party state became more polarized to the benefit of the Americo-Liberian elite. On 12 April 1980 verify Sergeant Samuel Kayon Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seized power in a military coup.With the peoples Redemption Council now in power, Samuel Doe began a purge of government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf narrowly escaped choosing ba n in Kenya. From 1983 to 1985 she served as Director of Citibank in Nairobi. I will say that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf had a lot of courage, because it was quite unusual for a woman to challenge a dictatorial incumbent president in Africa without being kidnapped, tortured or killed in the process, although She was later sentenced to ten years in prison.Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf spent just a short time incarcerated, before being allowed to leave the country once again as an exile. During the mid-eighties she served as Vice President of both the African Regional Office of Citibank, in Nairobi, and of (HSCB) Equator Bank, in Washington. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf compete an active role in the transitional government as the country prepared for the 2005 elections, and eventually stood for president against her rival the ex-international footballer, George Manneh Weah.Despite the elections being called fair and orderly, Weah repudiated the result, which gave a majority to Johnson-Sirleaf, Ellen Jo hnson-Sirleaf eventually became Liberias first elective female president, as well as the first elected female president in the sheer Africa. . In 2005 She established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission with a mandate to promote national peace, security, unity and reconciliation by investigating more than 20 years of civil conflict in the country and in November 2007, she received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the U.S. governments highest civilian award. She is truly a giant and queen of modern Africa. References 1. http//space. about. com/cs/formerastronauts/a/jemisonbio. htm 2. http//www. k-grayengineeringeducation. com/blog/index. php/2008/09/12/first-african-american-women-in-space. 3. http//www. joinafrica. com/africa_of_the_week/ellenjohnsonliberia. htm.

Why has it been difficult to obtain peace in Northern Ireland?

There is a bad variety of social, policy-making and religious reasons wherefore it has been hard to obtain recreation in blue Ireland there gift besides been umpteen events that occurred in Yankee Ireland that seriously hindered peace progress talks. These are four events that seriously effect peace in Northern Ireland right up to the current day, the Civil Rights Movement, damn Sunday, Hunger Strikes and Peace Movements.All these events provide be described in my piece of work, I will identify why they happened and who was abstruse. I will also explain how a office staff sharing savvy took so long to be endow into place because of the collision these events had on the prejudice in the midst of Catholic nationalistics and Protestant trade unionists. The Civil Rights Movement was a series of Nationalist Catholic edge held mingled with 1967 and 1972 in Northern Ireland, these marches were organised to balk against the discrimination Catholics faced at that metre. This discrimination came in m each forms for example Catholics found it harder to pull in houses and round families were on the waiting list for years piece of music single Protestants were placed in homes before them. They also found it hard to get their children good education, or even get themselves a job because many employers would provided take on Protestants. It even effected voting as non of completely timey Catholic was aloud to take part in the election campaign. So the Nationalist Catholics organised many marches demanding equal rights and to stop prejudice against them.Though these marches were organised with peaceful intent they often cancel conduct into mass disintegrations and conflict between Catholic and Protestant civilians. Sometimes it was suspected terrorists had infiltrated peaceful marches and caused craze that often escalated into riots and these caused innocent people to get seriously injured. One of the almost famous riots was the Battle of Bo gside this riot took place in Derry and lasted from 12-14 August 1969.The riot motto over five hundred women and children evacuated issue of the field of operation and caused over 1000 casualties. It was clear the Irish police and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) al champion could non jackpot with mass abandon on this scale so to try and stop the riots the British political relation chair paratroopers in to try and obtain peace. The paratroopers main objective was to try and destroy the choler which was quickly reforming. further many Irish people saw the paratroopers as occupational forces and because of this they where largely hated by Catholics.This led to a parcel out of tension in and around the country and even led to a refined collapse in the Northern Irish government as they only half met the demands of the people winding with the Civil Rights Movement. This caused uproar as Nationalist Catholics still felt discriminated against so they continued to act out violently in public protests, this lead to one of the most tragic days in the history of Northern Ireland, Bloody Sunday.Bloody Sunday was the 30th of January 1972, it began as a march Londonderry organised by the Civil Rights Movement to protest against internment. Internment began in 1971, this was a law passed by the British presidential term allowing suspected terrorist in Northern Ireland to be arrested and imprisoned without charge. Catholic Nationalist was strongly against internment as most of the people arrested where Catholic, when there where almost equal amounts of terrorist on both(prenominal) sides.Some of the Catholics that were imprisoned became undecided to torture equivalent lack of sleep, this lead to national outrage. Pre-organised marches at this point by British Government 15,000 Catholics still congregated in the middle of the city on the 30th of January 1972 and began a protest march. only later that day hysteria began as Catholics began to throw rock s and other objects at British paratroopers who responded by crack fire on a crowd of unarmed civilians and killed thirteen of them, some of which were shot in the seat.This did non help the peace process at all the nation was again outr hoary, the little trust between Nationalist and paratroopers had now been totally destroyed and the deaths of those thirteen civilians were considered murders, the people that died were considered martyrs to the Nationalist cause. This strengthened the IRAs cause and they began to get funding and weaponry from other countries, such as the USA, they seemed to many to exact proven their point that they compulsory to attack the Unionists and paratroopers and not just defend the Nationalist.It also affected power sharing talks between Nationalists and Unionists, Nationalist Catholics across the country saw the paratroopers as murders, and what added insult to injury was the fact that the paratroopers were not develop in any way for they had done, so hatred between Catholics and paratroopers and Catholics And Protestants (who by many were blamed for the deaths on Bloody Sunday) severely escalated.Catholics began to say there was no way they would ever share power with murderers, how could they ever trust the Government and Protestants to not make the same mistakes, how could they be sure there would not be a second event as catastrophic as Bloody Sunday, this meant any peace agreement between Nationalists and Unionists would be delayed. If one was put into place just after the Civil Rights Movement it would have lead to a national outrage as the hatred and violence between Nationalists and Protestants that many did not see peace as an option and many would refuse to stop the violence.The Civil Rights Movement and all its marches, including Bloody Sunday still have a big impact on peace today. even so though in 2007 a power sharing agreement was reached there is still a lot of prejudice and anger between the Nationalist and U nionist. Nationalists look back at events such as Bloody Sunday or the Battle of Bogside with hatred towards Unionists and Unionists will do likewise, it is very difficult for the people involved to forget the past and for pass off their opponents.People still do not trust the British Government after the paratroopers murdered those thirteen men and this has do it difficult for the British Government to make any major(ip) decisions influencing Northern Ireland as they would widely be discredited and not accepted. Another factor that has made it difficult to obtain peace in Northern Ireland is the Hunger Strikes of 1980-1981.Members of the IRA that had been imprisoned were treated like everyday criminals, just now they wanted to be recognised as prisoners of war. Prisoners of war were treated differently than common prisoners, they got to wear there own clothes, aloud to organise their own activities in the prison, they would have freedom of association, they would dish out less time for their umbrages then a normal prisoner and they would not have to participate in prison work.The members of the IRA that were inside the prison believed they should be know as prisoners of war and get their privileges for a variety of reasons, for one they were jailed from a court without a jury, they felt the situation in Ireland was a war whether the Government would admit it or not and also members of the IRA that had been in the jail before them had these privileges but they were taken away as time progressed. But the British Government refused to grant them these privileges and did not allow them to be known as prisoners of war, this caused uproar with the IRA members that were imprisoned and other splinter groups.A while before the aridness cudgels were put into place members of the IRA in the jail went on a thing known as the Dirty Protest this is were prisoners would cover the walls of there cell with their own excrement, though it caused pleonastic work for the prison workers and made the jail generally filthy it did not have a large effect on the outside world. It did not bring much attention to the prisoners situation and it was clear a larger demonstration would have to come to place to have a big enough impact to affect the outside world, the prisoners felt crave strikes were the best way to achieve their goal.The leader of the very premier hunger strikes was called Brendan Hughes, but he was not seen as a good leader at the time and made a vital mistake by calling the strike of when he thought the British Government would wear in to their demands but they did not. So weeks after the number one attempt at a hunger strike Bobby Sands took over as the leader and developed a plan were a new person would go on strike every week, this was so there would be roughly a death a week if the British Government did not give up to their demands, a death a week would have the ultimate shock factor on the public.Even when the hunger strikes began and Bobby Sands, who opted to be the first strikers, was about to die Margaret Thatcher refused to intervene, she did not want to admit to the situation in Northern Ireland as being a war and that meant not allowing the prisoners on strike to be know as prisoners of war, she also did consider there crimes any different as the crimes of the over prisoners, she famously declared crime is crime is crime it is not political. This sparked outrage across Northern Ireland as there was huge funding for what Bobby Sands and the other hunger strikers were doing, such support that Bobby Sands was elected as an MP while he was starving in jail. When Booby Sands was announced dead May 5, 1981, he was aged 27 and was on strike 66 days, he was known as a martyr for the Nationalist cause and for the IRA. The national outcry that occurred after his death resulted in to a greater extent people joining the IRA and a big increase in their activity.The British Government and Unionist were once again considered murderers by the majority of Nationalist people. Over 100,000 people attended Bobby Sands funeral, which was over one fifth the Catholics tribe in Northern Ireland at the time. The media coverage of Bobby Sands death sparked a wave of support and munificence around the world for him, the other hunger strikers, and what the IRA were trying to achieve. There were huge protests on the bridle-path and violence around the country in support of what the strikers were doing.The Unionist and British response to the hunger strike was reactionary, they tried their best to stop the hunger strikes by trying to half meet the prisoners demands but they did not solve the root of the problem, the peoples pride and passion and their believe that they were correct. Eventually ten prisoners died as a result of the hunger strikes and the British Government proposed that prisoners from the IRA and other terrorist organisations were given many advantages that prisoners of war were given bu t they still had to participate in prison work and were not presented with the term prisoners of war.After the hunger strikes Margaret Thatcher boasted that that they had not cave in to the demands of the hunger strikers and it was a victory for the British Government. But the political effect of the hunger strikes was huge, the British government and what they stood for were resented hugely again by the Nationalist in Northern Ireland, people saw them as murders and lyres and with the events of Bloody Sunday still on peoples mind the British and Unionist were hated more then ever by Catholics. This effected peace in the long run as fountainhead power sharing was not accepted for so long because of events such as this and the passion idler them.Nationalist do not want to share power with the murders of one of there heroes Bobby Sands, and do not want to share power with people that they considered caused through there unfair democracy such violence and disorder in Northern Ireland for so many years, that caused so many lives to be lost. There have been many peace talks based around Northern Ireland over the years, most were to do with power sharing but many broke down because of events like the Civil Rights Movement and hunger strikes.The first major peace talk was the 1973-1974 power sharing executive this was agreed between the major political parties and William Whitelaw the Northern Ireland secretary. The power sharing executive, known as the Sunningdale Agreement, suggested that a new power sharing conclave was elected to govern Northern Ireland and that a power sharing executive represented the main political parties and guaranteed to share power between the country and Northern Ireland.Although this agreement was well received by most parties, the DUP opposed the agreement and refused to join. A general strike was organised in May 1974 by the Unionist Ulster workers council brought Northern Ireland to a halt. This caused the power sharing executive t o resign and as a result of this direct rule from Westminster returned, the Sunningdale Agreement had failed. The next attempted peace agreement was the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement this was between Margaret Thatcher and the Irish Taoiseach noggin Fitzgerald.They agreed to an intergovernmental conference that would be held regularly, they would keep cross border co-operation on political legal and shelter matters, the British Government accepted the possibility of a united Ireland in the future, but only if the majority of Northern Ireland consented and the Republic of Ireland accepted the existence of partition and the principle of consent. Nationalist across Northern Ireland were shared in their reactions, the SDLP saw it as a big chance for progress but Sinn Fein saw it as enforced partition and did not approve.Unionist resented this agreement and would not coincided with what it was saying, big strikes and demonstrations followed the release of the Anglo-Irish Agreement and the violence of the people and paramilitaries was worse then ever, the agreement had little effect and therefore failed. One of the most major peace talks was the 1998 Good Friday Agreement also know as the Belfast Agreement. It was signed in Belfast in April 1998 by the British and Irish governments and was approved by most Northern Ireland parties, the only major party to disapprove of the agreement was the DUP.It was though approved by most of the pick outrs of Northern and the Republic of Ireland. The final Agreement was posted to every household in Northern Ireland and put to a vote in May it included plans for a Northern Ireland assembly with a power sharing executive and new cross border structures involving the Republic of Ireland. There were also controversial plans on paramilitarys giving up their weapons and the early release of paramilitary prisoners. A vote was also held in the Irish Republic, the result was swag with 71% of people in Northern Ireland and 94% in the Repu blic voted that the agreement should be accepted. passim the first three years of the agreement, Unionists said the Government and major Nationalist parties were failing to live back up the rule for decommissioning of arms, as many paramilitaries such as the IRA were simply not handing over their guns. Moreover, Sinn Fein said the British Government did not demilitarise quickly enough, they stated they could not force anyone to give up arms and that the agreement only stated that the parties should use all their power to make paramilitarys give up their guns, they had discovered a bit of a loophole and arguments quickly started.Eventually after much debating a power sharing agreement has been signed recently in 2007 that the Republic and Northern Ireland are both happy to consent to, it took so long to come to a power sharing agreement that all parties are happy with because of all the complications along the way, a lot of these from the battles Unionists and Nationalist have fort w ith one another down the years, this caused a lot of hate and prejudice between Catholics and Protestants which lead to events such as Bloody Sunday and the hunger strikes that represented what the Irish people stood for at the time and there double-dyed(a) passion for what they believed in.All these events left such an aftermath that people would not consent to any peace agreements or power sharing until the situation had cooled down, we can only hope that the 2007 agreement brings peace to a troubled Northern Ireland and the civilians that live there. But will the peace last, and will all the political parties and paramilitaries be able to keep peace and settle down, we can only wait and see what the future holds for Northern Ireland.